Resumen
Este artículo examina el impacto regional de la reemisión de la Declaración de Emergencia Nacional (NED, por sus siglas en inglés), emitida por la administración de Trump en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México durante los años fiscales 2022 a 2025, con especial atención en el corredor Tijuana-San Diego. Empleando un diseño de investigación documental basado en el análisis de políticas y en la revisión interpretativa de informes gubernamentales y humanitarios, el estudio aborda dos preguntas: 1) cómo la NED influyó de manera mensurable en la reducción de los flujos de migración irregular y 2) cómo el endurecimiento de la aplicación de la ley reconfiguró las rutas migratorias y disuadió los cruces. Fundamentado en los enfoques de la política burocrática y la teoría de la securitización, el análisis revela una marcada reorganización institucional caracterizada por militarización, centralización de la autoridad en el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional, procedimientos de expulsión expedita y coordinación binacional. Aunque los encuentros migratorios disminuyeron drásticamente, esta reducción reflejó una mayor aplicación de medidas coercitivas y una disuasión externalizada, más que la resolución de las causas estructurales de la migración, mientras que las condiciones humanitarias se deterioraron.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2026 José María Ramos, Jimmy Emmanuel Ramos Valencia