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Resumen
Los migrantes mexicanos calificados se han beneficiado de las oportunidades que ofrecen los programas de visa estadunidenses, como son la visa para trabajos especializados (H-1B), la visa de inversionista por tratado comercial (E-2), el programa de inversionistas EB-5 y la visa para profesionales temporales del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TN). El artículo analiza los cambios que podrían afectar a estas visas e identifica sus principales implicaciones económicas, sociales y políticas Para ello, se recurre a dos enfoques: el marco de incrustación mixta (mixed-embeddedness) y la teoría transnacional. La reforma migratoria estadunidense ha obligado a los migrantes calificados a considerar los espacios transnacionales como una solución para lidiar con la incertidumbre. Los migrantes con visas E-2 y EB-5 podrían diversificar los riesgos teniendo una presencia paralela de sus negocios tanto en Estados Unidos como en México. Los portadores de visas H1-B podrían expandir sus redes de investigación con la comunidad científica y académica mexicana. Los portadores de visas TN podrían regresar y transmitir sus conocimientos en México. El mejoramiento del entorno institucional mexicano es crucial para evitar una mayor salida del valioso capital social y cognitivo.
Citas
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