To Emigrate or Not to Emigrate: A Sociocultural Understanding of Mexican Professionals’ Logic of (Im)mobility
PDF

Keywords

Mexico
skilled migration
migration decision-making process
cultural logic
social class

How to Cite

Henne-Ochoa, C. (2016). To Emigrate or Not to Emigrate: A Sociocultural Understanding of Mexican Professionals’ Logic of (Im)mobility. Norteamérica, Revista Académica Del CISAN-UNAM, 11(2), 31–62. https://doi.org/10.20999/nam.2016.b002

Abstract

Languishing labor market conditions throughout Latin America, along with pull factors in countries such as the United States, point to continued and increased skilled migration from Latin America. The outflow of well-educated Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Peruvians, Venezuelans, Brazilians, and Mexicans in search of better incomes and career opportunities is well noted. Yet, there exists important qualitative differences in terms of who does—and, important in this context, who does not—emigrate and why? Drawing on interview data with Mexican professionals in Mexico City, in this article I suggest that social network theory is insufficient for understanding skilled migration from Mexico. Focusing on those who stay behind, I offer instead a sociocultural framework; one that privileges individuals’ own discursive renderings and one that acknowledges that individuals’ decisions not to migrate are rooted in class-based dispositions, cultural beliefs, and social practices.

https://doi.org/10.20999/nam.2016.b002
PDF

References

ALARCÓN, RAFAEL

“The Free Circulation of Skilled Migrants in North America,” in Antoine Pécoud and Paul de Guchteneire, eds., Migration without Borders, New York, Berghahn Books.

ARÁUZ TORRES, MARIO ALBERTO, and URSZULA WITTCHEN

n.d. “Brain Drain across the Globe: Country Case Studies,” http://www.mundus.amu.edu.pl/EHEW2/book/Braindrain-gaincountrystudies.doc.

BABB, SARAH

Managing Mexico: Economists from Nationalism to Neoliberalism,

Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.

BOUCHER, S., O. STARK, and J. E. TAYLOR

“A Gain with a Drain? Evidence from Rural Mexico on the New Economics of the Brain Drain,” in Janos Kornai, Laszlo Matyas, and Gerard Roland, eds., The Political Economy of Productive Factors, New York, Palgrave MacMillan.

BOURDIEU, PIERRE, and LOIC WACQUANT

An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

“Occupational Outlook Handbook,” http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physicians-and-surgeons.htm.

CHIQUIAR, DANIEL, and ALEJANDRINA SALCEDO

“Mexican Migration to the United States: Underlying Economic Factors and Scenarios for Future Flows,” Banco de México working paper, Washington, D.C., Wilson Center and Migration Policy Institute.

CLEMENS, MICHAEL

“Skilled Migration from Mexico: Trends, Concerns, and Outlook,” Center for Global Development, http://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/skilled-migration-mexico.pdf.

COHEN, JEFFREY H., and IBRAHIM SIRKECI

Cultures of Migration: The Global Nature of Contemporary Migration, Austin, University of Texas Press.

DECKER, FRED

n.d. “Annual Salary of a Cardiac Surgeon,” Houston Chronicle, http://work.chron.com/annual-salary-cardiac-surgeon-8340.html.

DE JONG, GORDON F.

“Expectations, Gender, and Norms in Migration Decision-Making,” Population Studies, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 307-319.

DONATO, KATHARINE M., JONATHAN HISKEY, JORGE DURAND, and DOUGLAS S. MASSEY

“Migration in the Americas: Mexico and Latin America in Comparative Context,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 630, no. 1, pp. 6–17.

FLORES, NADIA

“Assessing Human Capital Transferability into the U.S. Labor Market among Latino Immigrants to the United States,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 630, July, pp. 196-204.

HOLLANDER, PAUL

Anti-Americanism: Critiques at Home and Abroad, 1965-1990, New York, Oxford University Press.

INEGI (INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA, GEOGRAFÍA E INFORMÁTICA)

“Encuesta nacional de ocupación y empleo,” http://www.inegi.gob.mx.

a “Encuesta nacional de empleo,” http://www.inegi.gob.mx.

b “Censos económicos 2004,” http://www.inegi.gob.mx.

IOM (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION)

“Emigration of Skilled Human Resources from Latin American and Caribbean Countries: Current Trends and Prospects,” http://www.sela.org/DB/ricsela/EDOCS/SRed/2009/09/T023600003721-0 Emigration_of_skilled_human_resources_from_LAC_countries.pdf.

KANDEL, WILLIAM, and DOUGLAS S. MASSEY

“The Culture of Mexican Migration: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis,” Social Forces, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 981-1004.

MACDONALD, JOHN S., and LEATRICE D. MACDONALD

“Chain Migration, Ethnic Neighborhood Formation, and Social Networks,” in Charles Tilly, ed., An Urban World, Boston, Little, Brown.

MARMOLEJO, FRANCISCO

“Redes, movilidad académica y fuga de cerebros en América del Norte: el caso de los académicos mexicanos,” in Sylvie Didou Aupetit and Etienne Gérard, eds., Fuga de cerebros, movilidad académica, redes científicas. Perspectivas latinoamericanas, Mexico City, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados.

MARTÍNEZ PIZARRO, JORGE

n.d. “The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries: Regional Note Latin America,” http://www.oecd.org/futures/43484318.pdf.

MASSEY, DOUGLAS S.

“Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration,” Population Index, vol. 56, no. 1, Spring, pp. 3-26.

“Understanding Mexican Migration to the United States,” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 92, no.6, pp.1372-1403.

MASSEY, DOUGLAS S., JORGE DURAND, and NOLAN J. MALONE

Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration, New York, Russell Sage Foundation.

MCKENZIE, D., and HILLEL RAPOPORT

“Self-selection Patterns in Mexico-US Migration: The Role of Migration Networks,” Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 811-821.

MORRIS, STEPHEN D.

“Reforming the Nation: Mexican Nationalism in Context,” Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 363-397.

NEVAER, LOUIS

“For Calderon, Reversing Mexico’s ‘Brain Drain’ Is Key to Success,”

http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=27a45c9fad7a2a1U31ac487c9670465.

OCHOA ÁLVAREZ, CARMEN

“Immigration from the Inside Out: Understanding Mexico’s Job(less) Situation through the Views of Middle-Class Mexicans,” Journal of Latin American Perspectives, vol. 35, no.1, pp. 120-134.

OECD-UNDESA

“World Migration in Figures,” http://www.oecd.org/els/mig/World-Migration-in-Figures.pdf.

ORRENIUS, PIA, and DANIEL STREITFELD

“TN Visas: A Stepping Stone toward a NAFTA Labor Market,” Southwest Economy no. 6, November/December, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.

ROSENBLUM, MARC R., WILLIAM A. KANDEL, CLARE RIBANDO SEELKE, and RUTH ELLEN WASEM

“Mexican Migration to the United States: Policy and Trends,” Congressional Research Service, June 7, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42560.pdf.

STPS (SECRETARÍA DE TRABAJO Y PREVISIÓN SOCIAL)

“Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE), indicadores trimestrales,” http://www.stps.gob.mx.

TAKENAKA, AYUMI, and KAREN A. PREN

“Determinants of Emigration: Comparing Migrants’ Selectivity from Peru and Mexico,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 630, pp. 178-193.

TILLY, CHARLES, and C. HAROLD BROWN

“On Uprooting, Kinship, and the Auspices of Migration,” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 8, September, pp. 139-64, doi:10.1177/002071526700800201

TUIRÁN, RODOLFO

“Prefacio,” in Sylvie Didou Aupetit and Etienne Gérard, eds., Fuga de cerebros, movilidad académica, redes científicas. Perspectivas latinoamericanas, Mexico City, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados.

VELASCO, JESUS

“The Other Immigrants: Why Mexico’s Brightest Get Lured to the U.S.,” The Wilson Quarterly, http://wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/fall2013-mexican-momentum/other-immigrants-how-us-lured-away-mexicos-brightest/.

ZÍNSER, ADOLFO AGUILAR

“Joven,” Reforma, October 22.

ZÚÑIGA, ELENA, and MIGUEL MOLINA

Demographic Trends in Mexico: The Implications for Skilled Migration, Washington, D.C., Migration Policy Institute.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.